# Amines Notes, Class 12 Chemistry | SwaVid Amines: NCERT Class 12 Chemistry notes with key ideas, formulas, common mistakes and 3 quick checks with worked answers. Written by SwaVid from the textbook. Canonical: https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapter/amines Source: https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapter/amines # Amines ## Formulas and definitions ## Key ideas ## Common mistakes ## Quick checks ## Keep going ## Questions parents ask ## Class 12 Chemistry on SwaVid ### Structure and classification ### Preparation methods ### Basicity of amines ### Distinction and acylation reactions ### Carbylamine and nitrous acid reactions ### Diazonium salts and synthetic utility ### Next chapter ### Related chapter ### Related chapter ### All chapters SwaVid › CBSE › Class 12 › Chemistry › Amines Notes written by SwaVid from the NCERT textbook. Class 12 Chemistry, Unit 9. Key ideas, formulas and common mistakes. CBSE prints 6 marks for Unit 9, not for this chapter alone. Short answer. This chapter covers the classification, preparation, properties, and reactions of aliphatic and aromatic amines, along with diazonium salts. Students learn how nitrogen's lone pair governs basicity and enables key synthetic pathways like the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis and diazotisation. Source: NCERT Chemistry Part II (Reprint 2026-27) , Unit 9, Amines Amines are derivatives of ammonia formed by replacing hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups. They are classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the number of substituted hydrogens on the nitrogen atom. Amines are prepared by reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles, and amides, or through ammonolysis of alkyl halides. Specific methods like Gabriel phthalimide synthesis yield pure primary aliphatic amines, and Hoffmann bromamide degradation produces primary amines with one fewer carbon atom. Basicity depends on the availability of the unshared electron pair on nitrogen. In aqueous solution, the order of basicity for aliphatic amines is governed by an interplay of inductive effect, solvation effect, and steric hindrance. Primary and secondary amines react with acid chlorides and anhydrides via nucleophilic substitution, whereas tertiary amines do not due to the lack of replaceable hydrogen. The Hinsberg reagent differentiates 1°, 2°, and 3° amines based on alkali solubility of the resulting sulfonamide. Primary aliphatic and aromatic amines produce foul-smelling isocyanides when heated with chloroform and ethanolic KOH. Primary aliphatic amines react with nitrous acid to yield unstable diazonium salts that release nitrogen gas, while primary aromatic amines form stable arenediazonium salts at low temperatures. Arenediazonium salts undergo nitrogen displacement reactions such as Sandmeyer, Gattermann, and reduction reactions, as well as azo coupling reactions with phenols or aromatic amines. These transformations allow the synthesis of diverse aromatic compounds not accessible via direct substitution. Try each question first. Then tap it to see the answer. Identify the alkyl group as methyl. Combine inductive effect, steric hindrance, and hydration stability for methyl derivatives in water. Apply the order: 2° > 1° > 3°. (CH₃)₂NH > CH₃NH₂ > (CH₃)₃N Write the balanced degradation equation: CH₃CH₂CONH₂ + Br₂ + 4 NaOH → CH₃CH₂NH₂ + Na₂CO₃ + 2 NaBr + 2 H₂O. Count the stoichiometric coefficients of NaOH and Br₂. 4 moles of NaOH and 1 mole of Br₂ Analyze the Hinsberg reaction: primary amines form sulfonamides with an acidic hydrogen, making them soluble in KOH. Secondary amines form N,N-disubstituted sulfonamides without an acidic hydrogen, making them insoluble in KOH. Tertiary amines do not react at all. Secondary amine Biomolecules . Haloalkanes and Haloarenes . Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids . The 10 chapters of Class 12 Chemistry . CBSE does not give marks to one chapter. It prints 6 marks for Unit 9, Amines, which includes Amines. No. They are written by SwaVid from the NCERT textbook. The CBSE curriculum is the reference for what is assessed. Biomolecules. SwaVid is an AI tutor for Indian students in Classes 6 to 12. It finds the earlier ideas a child missed, then teaches today’s chapter. Start free to see how it works. - Unit 9 NCERT book - 6 marks, Unit 9 - 3 quick checks - Using Gabriel phthalimide synthesis to prepare aniline . Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the phthalimide anion under normal conditions, so this method cannot produce primary aromatic amines. - Applying the same aqueous basicity order to both methyl and ethyl substituted amines . Remember that methyl-substituted amines follow the order (CH₃)₂NH > CH₃NH₂ > (CH₃)₃N > NH₃, while ethyl-substituted amines follow the order (C₂H₅)₂NH > (C₂H₅)₃N > C₂H₅NH₂ > NH₃. - Expecting tertiary amines to give a positive carbylamine test . The carbylamine reaction is specific only to primary amines (both aliphatic and aromatic); secondary and tertiary amines do not respond. - Direct nitration of aniline to yield only ortho and para isomers . In strongly acidic nitration conditions, aniline gets protonated to anilinium ion, which is meta-directing, leading to a significant amount (47%) of m-nitroaniline alongside 51% p-nitroaniline. ## Key Links - [CBSE](https://www.swavid.com/cbse) - [Class 12](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12) - [Chemistry](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapters) - [Start free →](https://www.swavid.com/signup) - [All 10 chapters](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapters) - [NCERT Chemistry Part II (Reprint 2026-27)](https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php) - [Open notes](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapter/biomolecules) - [Open notes](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapter/haloalkanes-and-haloarenes) - [Open notes](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapter/aldehydes-ketones-and-carboxylic-acids) - [Class 12 Chemistry](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-12/chemistry/chapters) - [Start free →](https://www.swavid.com/signup)