# Presentation of Data Notes, Class 11 Economics | SwaVid

Presentation of Data, NCERT Class 11 Economics: notes with key ideas, definitions, common mistakes and 3 quick checks with worked answers.

Canonical: https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/economics/chapter/presentation-of-data

Source: https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/economics/chapter/presentation-of-data

# Presentation of Data

## Definitions, formats and formulas

## Key ideas

## Common mistakes

## Quick checks

## Keep going

## Questions parents ask

## Class 11 Economics on SwaVid

### Forms of data presentation

### Tabulation and parts of a table

### Geometric diagrams

### Frequency diagrams

### Cumulative frequency curves or ogives

### Arithmetic line graphs

### Next chapter

### Related chapter

### All chapters

SwaVid › CBSE › Class 11 › Economics › Presentation of Data

Notes written by SwaVid from the NCERT textbook.

Class 11 Economics, Chapter 4. Key ideas, definitions and common mistakes.

CBSE does not print marks for a single chapter.

Short answer. This chapter explains the three main forms of presenting statistical data: textual, tabular, and diagrammatic or graphic presentation. It teaches how to construct tables, bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives to make data clear and easy to interpret.

Source: NCERT Statistics for Economics (Reprint 2026-27) , Chapter 4, Presentation of Data

Data can be presented in three main ways: textual or descriptive presentation, tabular presentation, and diagrammatic presentation. Textual presentation describes data within paragraphs, which is suitable only when the volume of data is small.

Tabulation is the systematic arrangement of data into rows and columns. A statistical table contains a table number, title, stub (row headings), caption (column headings), body, unit of measurement, source note, and footnote.

Geometric diagrams include bar diagrams and pie diagrams. Bar diagrams can be simple, multiple, or component bar diagrams, where bar height represents magnitude while width remains uniform. A pie diagram shows proportions of components as sectors of a circle totaling 360 degrees.

Frequency diagrams represent grouped frequency distributions. These include histograms for continuous data, frequency polygons formed by joining midpoints of histogram bars, and frequency curves drawn as smooth freehand curves.

An ogive is constructed by plotting cumulative frequencies against class limits. A 'less than' ogive rises upward, while a 'more than' ogive slopes downward. The point where the two ogives intersect corresponds to the median of the distribution on the horizontal axis.

An arithmetic line graph, or time series graph, plots time along the x-axis and the variable values along the y-axis. It helps in studying trends and variations over periods such as weeks, months, or years.

Try each question first. Then tap it to see the answer.

Angle = (Component percentage / 100) × 360°

Angle = (45 / 100) × 360° = 0.45 × 360° = 162°

162°

Class width = 30 - 20 = 10

Adjusted frequency = (Frequency / Class width) × Minimum class width

Adjusted frequency = (15 / 10) × 5 = 1.5 × 5 = 7.5

7.5

Total sales = 200 + 300 + 500 = 1000 units

Angle for 2022 = (300 / 1000) × 360°

Angle for 2022 = 0.3 × 360° = 108°

108°

Measures of Central Tendency .

Organisation of Data .

The 13 chapters of Class 11 Economics .

CBSE does not give marks to one chapter. It prints marks for units or parts, and the chapter list page shows them all.

No. They are written by SwaVid from the NCERT textbook. The CBSE curriculum is the reference for what is assessed.

Measures of Central Tendency.

SwaVid is an AI tutor for Indian students in Classes 6 to 12. It finds the earlier ideas a child missed, then teaches today’s chapter. Start free to see how it works.

- Ch 4 NCERT book
- 80 marks, theory paper
- 3 quick checks
- Leaving spaces between rectangles in a histogram . Do not leave gaps between bars in a histogram because it represents continuous class intervals. Gaps are used only in discrete bar diagrams.
- Plotting 'less than' cumulative frequencies against lower class limits . Always plot 'less than' cumulative frequencies against the upper class limits, and 'more than' cumulative frequencies against the lower class limits.
- Confusing stub with caption in a table . Remember that the stub contains row headings on the left side, whereas the caption contains column headings at the top.
- Plotting frequencies directly as heights when class intervals are unequal . Calculate the adjusted frequency by dividing the class frequency by the class width and multiplying by the minimum class width, then use this as the rectangle height.

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