# Plant Growth and Development, Class 11 Biology | SwaVid Plant Growth and Development, NCERT Class 11 Biology: notes with key ideas, key terms, common mistakes and 3 quick checks with worked answers. Canonical: https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapter/plant-growth-and-development Source: https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapter/plant-growth-and-development # Plant Growth and Development ## Key terms ## Key ideas ## Common mistakes ## Quick checks ## Keep going ## Questions parents ask ## Class 11 Biology on SwaVid ### Characteristics of plant growth ### Phases and rates of growth ### Differentiation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation ### Development and plasticity ### Plant growth promoters ### Plant growth inhibitors ### Next chapter ### Related chapter ### Related chapter ### Related chapter ### All chapters SwaVid › CBSE › Class 11 › Biology › Plant Growth and Development Notes written by SwaVid from the NCERT textbook. Class 11 Biology, Chapter 13. Key ideas, formulas and common mistakes. CBSE prints 12 marks for Unit IV, not for this chapter alone. Short answer. This chapter covers the characteristics of plant growth, differentiation, development, and the physiological roles of plant growth regulators. It explains how intrinsic hormonal signals and extrinsic environmental factors coordinate plant form and maturation. Source: NCERT Biology (Reprint 2026-27) , Chapter 13, Plant Growth and Development Plant growth is generally indeterminate because meristems retain the capacity for continuous division. It is measurable through parameters such as increase in cell number, fresh weight, dry weight, length, surface area, and volume. Growth has three phases: meristematic, elongation, and maturation. Growth rates can be arithmetic, where one daughter cell divides and the other matures, or geometric, where both daughter cells retain dividing ability. Cells from meristems differentiate by losing the ability to divide and taking up specific functions. Differentiated living cells can regain dividing capacity through dedifferentiation, and their progeny can mature again through redifferentiation. Development encompasses all changes an organism undergoes through its life cycle from seed germination to senescence. Plants follow different pathways in response to environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures, a phenomenon called plasticity. Auxins promote apical dominance, root initiation, and parthenocarpy. Gibberellins cause stem elongation and bolting, while cytokinins promote cell division, delay senescence, and overcome apical dominance. Ethylene is a gaseous regulator that promotes fruit ripening, abscission, and horizontal growth of seedlings. Abscisic acid acts as a general growth inhibitor and stress hormone, stimulating stomatal closure and seed dormancy. Try each question first. Then tap it to see the answer. Use Lₜ = L₀ + r t with L₀ = 5 cm, r = 2 cm per day, and t = 4 days. L₄ = 5 + (2 × 4) = 5 + 8 = 13 cm. 13 cm Absolute growth of leaf A = 10 - 5 = 5 cm² in one day. Relative growth rate = (Absolute growth) / (Initial parameter) = 5 / 5 = 1 per day. 1 per day Identify the hormone that causes a sharp rise in respiration rate during fruit ripening. The regulator is ethylene, which is a simple gaseous compound. Ethylene, gaseous state Breathing and Exchange of Gases . Anatomy of Flowering Plants . Photosynthesis in Higher Plants . Respiration in Plants . The 19 chapters of Class 11 Biology . CBSE does not give marks to one chapter. It prints 12 marks for Unit IV, Plant Physiology, which includes Plant Growth and Development. No. They are written by SwaVid from the NCERT textbook. The CBSE curriculum is the reference for what is assessed. Breathing and Exchange of Gases. SwaVid is an AI tutor for Indian students in Classes 6 to 12. It finds the earlier ideas a child missed, then teaches today’s chapter. Start free to see how it works. - Ch 13 NCERT book - 12 marks, Unit IV - 3 quick checks - Confusing dedifferentiation with redifferentiation . Remember that dedifferentiation is when fully differentiated living cells regain the capacity to divide, while redifferentiation is when these newly produced dividing cells lose the capacity to divide once again to perform specialized functions. - Confusing absolute growth rate with relative growth rate . Absolute growth rate is the total measurement of growth per unit time, whereas relative growth rate is the growth per unit time expressed per unit of initial parameter. - Assuming ethylene is a promoter because it promotes fruit ripening . NCERT groups ethylene largely as an inhibitor of growth activities because its primary effects include senescence, abscission, and inhibition of elongation, although it promotes ripening. - Listing kinetin as a naturally occurring plant hormone . Kinetin was discovered as a modified form of adenine from autoclaved herring sperm DNA and does not occur naturally in plants; zeatin is the naturally occurring cytokinin. ## Key Links - [CBSE](https://www.swavid.com/cbse) - [Class 11](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11) - [Biology](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapters) - [Start free →](https://www.swavid.com/signup) - [All 19 chapters](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapters) - [NCERT Biology (Reprint 2026-27)](https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php) - [Open notes](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapter/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases) - [Open notes](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapter/anatomy-of-flowering-plants) - [Open notes](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapter/photosynthesis-in-higher-plants) - [Open notes](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapter/respiration-in-plants) - [Class 11 Biology](https://www.swavid.com/cbse/class-11/biology/chapters) - [Start free →](https://www.swavid.com/signup)